Dry Eye

Dry eye syndrome (also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common eye condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. The result is irritation, discomfort, and sometimes blurred vision. Dry eye can affect people of all ages but is more common in older adults, contact lens wearers, and those who spend long hours on digital devices.

Symptoms

Dry eye symptoms can vary from mild irritation to persistent discomfort. Common signs include:

• Dryness, burning, or stinging sensation

• Red or irritated eyes

• Itching or gritty feeling (“sand in the eye”)

• Excessive watering/tearing (a reflex response to dryness)

• Blurred or fluctuating vision

• Sensitivity to wind, smoke, or air conditioning

Causes and Risk Factors

Dry eye develops when the tear film — which lubricates and nourishes the eye — is disrupted. This can be due to:

• Environmental factors: dry air, wind, air conditioning, heating

• Lifestyle: prolonged screen time reduces blinking rate

• Ageing and hormonal changes (especially after menopause)

• Contact lens wear

• Medical conditions: autoimmune diseases (e.g. Sjögren’s syndrome), diabetes, thyroid disorders

• Medications: antihistamines, antidepressants, blood pressure tablets

Diagnosis

At EyeDoc Eye Clinics, our consultant ophthalmologists can perform tests to assess tear quality and quantity, including:

• Slit-lamp examination of the tear film

• Tear break-up time (TBUT) testing

• Assessment of the meibomian glands (oil glands in the eyelids)

Treatment Options

Treatment is tailored to the cause and severity of dry eye. Options may include:

• Artificial tears / lubricating drops for symptom relief

• Prescription eye drops (such as anti-inflammatory medication)

• Punctal plugs to reduce tear drainage and keep the eyes moist

• Lid hygiene and warm compresses to treat meibomian gland dysfunction

• Lifestyle advice: taking screen breaks, using a humidifier, wearing wraparound glasses outdoors

Preventing and Managing Dry Eye

Simple steps can help reduce dry eye symptoms:

• Limit long periods of screen use without blinking breaks

• Protect eyes from wind and dry environments

• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids

• Avoid smoke, dust, and irritants

Why Specialist Care Matters

While mild cases can often be managed with over-the-counter drops, chronic or severe dry eye requires specialist evaluation. Persistent dry eye can affect vision and quality of life, and in some cases may indicate an underlying condition.

If you are experiencing ongoing dry eye symptoms, schedule a consultation at EyeDoc Eye Clinics for a full assessment and a tailored treatment plan.