Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Macular degeneration, also called age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is one of the most common causes of vision loss in older adults. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision used for reading, driving, and recognising faces.

Types of Macular Degeneration

There are two main forms of AMD:

• Dry AMD (the most common): gradual thinning of the macula and accumulation of drusen (tiny deposits), leading to slow central vision loss.

• Wet AMD (less common but more severe): abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina, leaking fluid or blood, and causing rapid central vision loss if untreated.

Symptoms

AMD often develops silently in its early stages. As it progresses, patients may notice:

• Blurred or distorted central vision

• Difficulty reading or recognising faces

• Straight lines appearing wavy or bent (metamorphopsia)

• A dark or empty spot in the centre of vision

Peripheral vision is usually preserved, but central vision loss can significantly impact daily life.

Diagnosis

At EyeDoc Eye Clinics, our consultant ophthalmologists use advanced imaging and diagnostic tests to detect AMD, including:

• Comprehensive dilated eye exam

• Visual acuity testing

• OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) scans for high-resolution imaging of the macula

• OCT angiography (OCTA) to assess retinal blood flow

• Fundus photography to track progression over time

Treatment & Management

While there is no cure for AMD, early detection and specialist treatment can slow progression and preserve vision.

• Dry AMD:

  • Lifestyle advice (stop smoking, protect eyes from UV light)

  • Nutritional supplements (AREDS2 formula)

  • Regular monitoring to detect conversion to wet AMD

• Wet AMD:

  • Anti-VEGF injections into the eye to stop abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage

  • In selected cases, laser therapy may be recommended

Why Early Detection Matters

Because vision lost to macular degeneration cannot be restored, early diagnosis is critical. Many patients maintain useful vision with timely treatment.

If you notice changes in your central vision or have a family history of AMD, we recommend booking a consultation with a consultant ophthalmologist for a full assessment.