Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea — the middle layer of the eye that includes the iris (the coloured part of the eye), the ciliary body, and the choroid. Because these structures supply blood to important parts of the eye, inflammation can cause serious damage if left untreated. Uveitis can affect one or both eyes and may be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-lasting and recurrent).

Symptoms

Uveitis often develops quickly and can cause:

• Red, painful eyes

• Blurred or cloudy vision

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Floaters (dark spots in vision)

• Decreased or distorted vision

If untreated, uveitis can lead to complications such as glaucoma, cataracts, macular edema, or permanent vision loss.

Causes and Risk Factors

Uveitis may occur on its own or be linked to other medical conditions. Causes include:

• Autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis)

• Infections (viral, bacterial, or parasitic, such as herpes, TB, or toxoplasmosis)

• Eye trauma or surgery

• Idiopathic (unknown cause) — in many cases, no cause is found

Diagnosis

At EyeDoc Eye Clinics, our consultant ophthalmologists use a thorough diagnostic approach, which may include:

• Detailed slit-lamp examination

• Dilated retinal exam to assess the back of the eye

• OCT scan to detect retinal swelling

• Blood tests or imaging if an underlying systemic condition is suspected

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type and cause of uveitis, but the goal is always to reduce inflammation, relieve pain, prevent complications, and preserve vision. Options may include:

• Steroid eye drops, injections, or tablets to reduce inflammation

• Immunosuppressive medication in severe or chronic cases

• Antibiotics or antiviral treatments if infection is the cause

• Close monitoring with regular follow-ups to track progress

Why Early Care Matters

Because uveitis can cause serious and irreversible vision loss, urgent assessment by a consultant ophthalmologist is essential. Prompt diagnosis and treatment help protect long-term vision and reduce the risk of complications.